New Research on Sleep and Sleep Disorders first addresses how excessive daytime sleepiness is highly prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes and has been associated with poorer glycemic control. Daytime sleepiness is also associated with cognitive and attention impairment which may lead to sub-optimal self-management and increased medication errors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sleep dysfunction has multiple causes in critically ill patients, some of which are extrinsic to the patient and some which are intrinsic to the patient. The disruption of sleep can further destabilize a patient or complicate their ICU course. Some useful knowledge obtained by analyzing the acoustic properties of snoring sounds and the morphological properties of oropharyngeal soft tissues is presented. Snoring sounds and oropharyngeal soft tissues are directly or indirectly related to the severity of sleep apnea syndrome. Many researchers are moving their attention towards the development of applications for the smartphone related to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. As such, this compilation analyzes and investigates the functionality of the most accredited apps available for smartphones. The concluding study focuses on drugs which induce sleep, such as propofol and dexmedetomidine. Drug-induced sedation endoscopy is a relatively simple way to explore obstruction sites during induced sleep and to give the most precise indication for surgery.